Alaab-qeybiyaha Shiinaha wuxuu bixiyaa qiimo dhimista qiimaha moodooyinka tareenada caadiga ah ee AllGB
HorumarintaTareenka Birta Caadiga ah ee GBwaxaa dib loogu celin karaa horraantii qarnigii 19-aad. Kahor isticmaalka birta, tareennada waxaa lagu dhisay bir bir ah oo la shubay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tareennadan waxay u nugulaayeen inay dillaacaan oo ay jabaan marka culaysyo culus la saaro, taasoo xaddidaysa hufnaanta iyo badbaadada gaadiidka tareenka.
HABKA SOO SAARKA ALAABTA
Kala-guurka laga bilaabo birta la shubay ilaatareenka tareenkaWaxay si tartiib tartiib ah u dhacday dhowr iyo toban sano gudahood. Bartamihii qarnigii 19-aad, injineeradu waxay bilaabeen inay tijaabiyaan biraha birta ah ee la farsameeyay, kuwaas oo ahaa kuwo aad u adkeysi badan oo aan ka jabnayn biraha birta ah ee la shubay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, birta la farsameeyay wali waxay lahayd xaddidaadyo marka loo eego xoogga iyo cimri dhererka.
Sannadihii 1860-meeyadii, habka Bessemer ayaa la sameeyay, kaas oo u oggolaaday soo saarista birta tayo sare leh. Habkani wuxuu ku lug lahaa afuufidda hawada birta dhalaalaysa si looga saaro wasakhda loona soo saaro bir leh xoog iyo adkeysi heer sare ah.
Soo bandhigidda biraha birta ah waxay kacaan ku samaysay gaadiidka tareenka. Biraha birta ah waxay awood u yeesheen inay u adkaystaan culaysyo culus iyo xawaare sare, taasoo keentay in hufnaan iyo awood dheeraad ah lagu sameeyo nidaamyada tareenka. Iyada oo ay jirto cimri dhererka biraha birta ah, kharashyada dayactirka iyo waqtiga shaqada ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacay, taasoo u oggolaanaysa hawlgallo tareen oo la isku halleyn karo oo joogto ah.
Tan iyo markii la soo bandhigay biraha birta ah, waxaa jiray horumarro socda oo ku saabsan farsamooyinka wax soo saarka birta iyo naqshadeynta biraha. Biraha birta ah ee leh sifooyin gaar ah, sida iska caabbinta xirashada sare iyo iska caabbinta daxalka, ayaa la sameeyay si loo daboolo baahiyaha gaadiidka tareenka casriga ah.
Maanta, biraha birta ah ayaa weli ah doorashada koowaad ee dhismaha tareenka sababtoo ah xooggooda, cimrigooda, iyo kharashkooda. Si joogto ah ayaa loo horumarinayaa si loo daboolo baahiyaha sii kordhaya ee warshadaha gaadiidka.
CABBIRKA ALAABTA
| Magaca Badeecada: | Tareenka Birta Caadiga ah ee GB | |||
| Nooca: | Tareen Culus, Tareenka Crane, Tareen Fudud | |||
| Qalabka/Qeexitaanka: | ||||
| Tareen Fudud: | Moodel/Alaab: | Q235, 55Q ； | Faahfaahinta: | 30kg/m, 24kg/m, 22kg/m, 18kg/m, 15kg/m, 12 kg/m, 8 kg/m. |
| Tareen Culus: | Moodel/Alaab: | 45MN, 71MN; | Faahfaahinta: | 50kg/m², 43kg/m², 38kg/m², 33kg/m². |
| Tareenka Wiishka: | Moodel/Alaab: | U71MN； | Faahfaahinta: | QU70 kg /m ，QU80 kg /m ，QU100kg /m ，QU120 kg /m . |
Tareenka Birta Caadiga ah ee GB::
Tilmaamaha: GB6kg, 8kg, GB9kg, GB12, GB15kg, 18kg, GB22kg, 24kg, GB30, P38kg, P43kg, P50kg, P60kg, QU70, QU80, QU100, QU120
Heerka: GB11264-89 GB2585-2007 YB/T5055-93
Qalabka: U71Mn/50Mn
Dhererka: 6m-12m 12.5m-25m
| Badeecad | Fasal | Cabbirka Qaybta (mm) | ||||
| Dhererka Tareenka | Ballaca Saldhigga | Ballaca Madaxa | Dhumucda | Miisaanka (kg) | ||
| Tareen Fudud | 8KG/M | 65.00 | 54.00 | 25.00 | 7.00 | 8.42 |
| 12KG/M | 69.85 | 69.85 | 38.10 | 7.54 | 12.2 | |
| 15KG/M | 79.37 | 79.37 | 42.86 | 8.33 | 15.2 | |
| 18KG/M | 90.00 | 80.00 | 40.00 | 10.00 | 18.06 | |
| 22KG/M | 93.66 | 93.66 | 50.80 | 10.72 | 22.3 | |
| 24KG/M | 107.95 | 92.00 | 51.00 | 10.90 | 24.46 | |
| 30KG/M | 107.95 | 107.95 | 60.33 | 12.30 | 30.10 | |
| Tareen Culus | 38KG/M | 134.00 | 114.00 | 68.00 | 13.00 | 38.733 |
| 43KG/M | 140.00 | 114.00 | 70.00 | 14.50 | 44.653 | |
| 50KG/M | 152.00 | 132.00 | 70.00 | 15.50 | 51.514 | |
| 60KG/M | 176.00 | 150.00 | 75.00 | 20.00 | 74.64 | |
| 75KG/M | 192.00 | 150.00 | 75.00 | 20.00 | 74.64 | |
| UIC54 | 159.00 | 140.00 | 70.00 | 16.00 | 54.43 | |
| UIC60 | 172.00 | 150.00 | 74.30 | 16.50 | 60.21 | |
| Tareenka Qaadista | QU70 | 120.00 | 120.00 | 70.00 | 28.00 | 52.80 |
| QU80 | 130.00 | 130.00 | 80.00 | 32.00 | 63.69 | |
| QU100 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 100.00 | 38.00 | 88.96 | |
| QU120 | 170.00 | 170.00 | 120.00 | 44.00 | 118.1 | |
FAA'IIDOOYIN
Nooca iyo xooggawadada tareenkawaxaa lagu muujiyaa cufka qiyaasta ah (kiiloogaraam) mitirkiiba dhererka. Tusaale ahaan, noocyada tareenada caadiga ah ee hadda jira ee Shiinaha waa 43kg/m, 50kg/m, 60kg/m, 75kg/m, iwm. Dhererka tareenada caadiga ah ee Shiinaha: 43kg/m waa 12.5m ama 25m; dhererka tareenada ka sarreeya 50kg/m waa 25m, 50m, iyo 100m. Tag warshadda alxanka tareenka si aad ugu dhejiso tareen dhererkiisu yahay 500m, ka dibna u qaado goobta dhismaha oo ku dheji dhererka loo baahan yahay.
Tilmaamaha tareenada tareenada way kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo ku xiran shuruudaha gaarka ah ee nidaamka tareenka iyo waddanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah tilmaamaha caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:
Miisaanka Tareenka: Miisaanka tareenka waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa rodol yardkiiba (lbs/yd) ama kiilogaraam mitirkiiba (kg/m). Miisaanka tareenka ayaa go'aamiya awoodda qaadista culayska iyo cimri dhererka tareenka.
Qaybta Tareenka: Astaamaha tareenka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan qaybta tareenka, way kala duwanaan kartaa. Qaybaha tareenka ee caadiga ah qaarkood waxaa ka mid ah qaybta I (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan qaybta "I-beam"), qaybta UIC60, iyo qaybta ASCE 136.
Dhererka: Dhererka tareenka wuu kala duwanaan karaa iyadoo ku xiran nidaamka tareenka gaarka ah, laakiin dhererka caadiga ah badanaa waa inta u dhaxaysa 20-30 mitir.
Heerka: Gobollo ama waddamo kala duwan ayaa laga yaabaa inay leeyihiin heerar gaar ah oo loogu talagalay tareenada tareenka. Tusaale ahaan, Waqooyiga Ameerika, Ururka Tareenada Mareykanka (AAR) wuxuu dejiyaa heerarka qeexitaannada tareenada.
Heerka Birta: Heerka gaarka ah ee birta loo isticmaalo tareenada tareenka way kala duwanaan kartaa. Heerarka birta ee caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah birta kaarboonka (sida A36 ama A709), birta daawaha leh (sida AISI 4340 ama ASTM A320), iyo birta kulaylka lagu daweeyay (sida ASTM A759).
Iska caabinta Xidhitaanka: Biraha tareenka waxaa si joogto ah u xirma taayirada tareenada. Sidaa darteed, iska caabinta xirashada waa qeexitaan muhiim u ah biraha. Dahaadh ama daaweyn kala duwan ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa dusha sare ee biraha si loo hagaajiyo iska caabinta xirashada.
Layliga: Kala-goysyada tareenadu waxay inta badan u baahan yihiin alxan si ay isugu xidhaan qaybaha tareenka ee gaarka ah. Sidaa darteed, qeexitaannada tareenadu waxay ku jiri karaan shuruudo lagu hagaajin karo alxanka si loo hubiyo xoog iyo cimri dherer habboon.
Fiiro gaar ah: Waa muhiim inaad tixraacdo heerarka tareenka gaarka ah ee loo isticmaalo gobolkaaga ama waddankaaga si aad u hesho tilmaamo faahfaahsan oo sax ah.
MASHRUUC
Shirkaddayada'sqeexitaanka birta tareenka13,800 oo tan oo bir ah oo loo dhoofiyay Mareykanka ayaa hal mar laga soo raray Dekadda Tianjin. Mashruuca dhismaha ayaa la dhammeeyay iyadoo tareenka ugu dambeeya si joogto ah loogu rakibay khadka tareenka. Tareenadan oo dhami waxay ka yimaadeen khadka wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee warshaddayada tareenka iyo alwaaxa birta, iyagoo adeegsanaya caalami ahaan Produced ilaa heerarka farsamo ee ugu sarreeya uguna adag.
Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan alaabta tareenka, fadlan nala soo xiriir!
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Bixiyaha tareenka Shiinaha, birta shiinaha, Tareenka Birta Caadiga ah ee GB
CODSIGA
IftiinkaTareenka Jidka Tareenkawaxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo khadadka gaadiidka ku meel gaarka ah iyo khadadka tareenada fudud ee meelaha kaymaha, meelaha macdanta laga qodo, warshadaha iyo goobaha dhismaha. Qalabka: 55Q/Q235B, heerka fulinta: GB11264-89.
1. Goobta gaadiidka tareenka
Tareenadu waa qayb muhiim ah oo muhiim u ah dhismaha iyo hawlgalka tareenka. Gaadiidka tareenka, taayirada birta ah ayaa mas'uul ka ah taageeridda iyo qaadista miisaanka oo dhan ee tareenka, tayadooda iyo waxqabadkooduna si toos ah ayay u saameeyaan badbaadada iyo xasilloonida tareenka. Sidaa darteed, taayiradu waa inay lahaadaan sifooyin jireed iyo kiimiko oo heer sare ah sida xoog sare, iska caabin xirasho, iyo iska caabin daxalka. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, heerka tareenka ee ay isticmaalaan inta badan khadadka tareenka ee gudaha waa GB/T 699-1999 "Birta Dhismaha Kaarboon Sare".
2. Qaybta injineernimada dhismaha
Marka laga soo tago garoonka tareenka, biraha birta ah ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaalaa injineernimada dhismaha, sida dhismaha wiishashka, wiishashka munaaradaha, buundooyinka iyo mashaariicda dhulka hoostiisa mara. Mashaariicdan, biraha waxaa loo isticmaalaa saldhigyo iyo qalab lagu taageero laguna qaado miisaanka. Tayadooda iyo xasilloonidoodu waxay saameyn muhiim ah ku leeyihiin badbaadada iyo xasilloonida mashruuca dhismaha oo dhan.
3. Goobta mishiinada culus
Dhinaca wax soo saarka mashiinnada culus, tareennada ayaa sidoo kale ah qayb caadi ah, oo inta badan loo isticmaalo waddooyinka tareennada ee ka samaysan bir. Tusaale ahaan, aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada sameynta birta ee warshadaha birta, khadadka wax soo saarka ee warshadaha baabuurta, iwm. dhammaantood waxay u baahan yihiin inay isticmaalaan waddooyinka tareennada ee ka samaysan bir si ay u taageeraan una qaadaan mashiinnada iyo qalabka culus oo miisaankoodu yahay tobanaan tan ama ka badan.
Marka la soo koobo, adeegsiga ballaaran ee biraha birta ah ee gaadiidka, injineernimada dhismaha, mashiinnada culus iyo meelaha kale ayaa gacan ka geystay horumarinta iyo horumarka warshadahan. Maanta, iyadoo la adeegsanayo hal-abuurka iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada joogtada ah, biraha si joogto ah ayaa loo cusbooneysiiyaa loona cusboonaysiiyaa si ay ula qabsadaan horumarinta joogtada ah iyo raadinta waxqabadka iyo tayada qaybaha kala duwan.
BAAKADAHA IYO GEYNTA
Hagaajinta naqshadeynta qaybta madaxa ee GB Standard Steel Rail sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah siyaabaha lagu hagaajin karo adkaanta iyo iska caabbinta xirashada.
Qaybta madaxa tareenka ee tareenka hore, dusha sare ee tareenka waa mid jilicsan, qaansooyinka leh gacan yar ayaa loo isticmaalaa labada dhinac. Ilaa 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii, waxaa la ogaaday in iyadoon loo eegin qaabka madaxa tareenka ee asal ahaan loo qaabeeyey, ka dib markii la xidho taayirada tareenka, qaabka tareenka ee dusha sare ee tareenka uu ahaa ku dhawaad dhammaan wareeg, iyo gacanka qaansada labada dhinacba uu ahaa mid aad u weyn. Jilitaanka tijaabada ah wuxuu ogaaday in diirka madaxa tareenka uu la xiriiro cadaadiska xad-dhaafka ah ee taabashada tareenka-tareenka ee ku yaal qaybta gudaha ee madaxa tareenka. Si loo yareeyo waxyeelada ka dhalata xoqidda tareenka, dhammaan waddamada waxay wax ka beddeleen naqshadda qaansada ee madaxa tareenka si loo yareeyo isbeddelka balaastikada.
Marka hore, waddamadu waxay raaceen mabda' noocaas ah oo ku saabsan naqshadeynta madaxa tareenka ee Heerka Birta ah ee GB: qaansada tareenka ee sare ee tareenka waxay la jaanqaadaysaa cabbirka tareenka inta ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, taas oo ah, cabbirka qaansada tareenka, sida tareenka 59.9kg/m ee Mareykanka, qaansada madaxa tareenka waxaa la qaataa R254-R31.75-R9.52; qaansada 65kg/m ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, qaansada madaxa tareenka waxay qaadataa R300-R80-R15; tareenka UIC 60kg/m, qaansada madaxa tareenka waxay qaadataa R300-R80-R13. Waxaa laga arki karaa kor ku xusan in astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee naqshadeynta qaybta madaxa tareenka casriga ah ay tahay isticmaalka qaloocyada adag iyo saddex radii. Dhinaca madaxa tareenka, xariiq toosan oo leh dusha sare oo cidhiidhi ah iyo hoose ballaaran ayaa la qaataa, jiirada khadka toosanna guud ahaan waa 1:20~1:40. Xariiq toosan oo leh jiirada weyn ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa daanka hoose ee madaxa tareenka, jiirada guud ahaan waa 1:3 ilaa 1:4.
Marka labaad, aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya GB Standard Steel Railhead iyo dhexda tareenka, si loo yareeyo dildilaaca ay sababaan fiirsashada cadaadiska iyo kordhinta iska caabinta is-jiidjiidka ee u dhexeeya saxanka kalluunka iyo tareenka, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa qalooc adag aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya madaxa tareenka iyo dhexda tareenka, waxaana la qaataa naqshad radius weyn oo dhexda ah. Tusaale ahaan, tareenka 60kg/m ee UIC wuxuu isticmaalaa R7-R35-R120 aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya madaxa tareenka iyo dhexda. Tareenka 60kg/m ee Japan wuxuu isticmaalaa R19-R19-R500 aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya madaxa tareenka iyo dhexda.
Saddexaad, aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya dhexda tareenka iyo salka tareenka, si loo gaaro kala-guur siman oo qaybta ah, waxaa sidoo kale la qaataa naqshad qaloocsan, kala-guurka tartiib-tartiibka ahna si habsami leh ayuu ugu xiran yahay jiirada hoose ee tareenka. Sida tareenka UIC60kg/m, waa in la isticmaalo R120-R35-R7. Tareenka 60kg/m ee Japan wuxuu isticmaalaa R500-R19. Tareenka 60kg/m ee Shiinaha wuxuu isticmaalaa R400-R20.
Afaraad, salka hoose ee tareenka waa siman yahay, si qaybta ay u yeelato xasillooni wanaagsan. Wajiyada dhammaadka ee salka tareenka dhammaantood waxay ku yaalliin xaglo toosan, ka dibna waxay ku wareegsan yihiin gacan yar, badanaa R4~R2. Dhinaca gudaha ee salka tareenka waxaa badanaa loogu talagalay laba qaybood oo xariiqyo qalloocan ah, qaarkoodna waxay qaataan jiho labanlaab ah, qaarkoodna waxay qaataan jiho hal ah. Tusaale ahaan, tareenka UIC60kg/m wuxuu qaataa jiho labanlaab ah oo 1:275+1:14 ah. Tareenka 60kg/m ee Japan wuxuu qaataa jiho hal ah oo 1:4 ah. Tareenka 60kg/m ee Shiinaha wuxuu qaataa jiho labanlaab ah oo 1:3+1:9 ah.
DHISMAHA ALAABTA
Lagu sameeyay Shiinaha, adeeg heer sare ah, tayo casri ah, caan ka ah adduunka
1. Saamaynta miisaanka: Shirkaddayadu waxay leedahay silsilad sahay oo weyn iyo warshad bir ah oo weyn, iyadoo gaadhaysa saameyn baaxad leh oo ku saabsan gaadiidka iyo soo iibsiga, waxayna noqonaysaa shirkad bir ah oo isku daraysa wax soo saarka iyo adeegyada.
2. Kala duwanaanshaha badeecadaha: Kala duwanaanshaha badeecadaha, bir kasta oo aad rabto waxaa naga iibsan kartaa, oo inta badan ku hawlan qaab-dhismeedka birta, biraha birta ah, biraha xaashida birta ah, biraha sawir-qaadista, birta kanaalka, biraha silikoonka iyo alaabada kale, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid dabacsan. Dooro nooca badeecadaha la rabo si aad u buuxiso baahiyaha kala duwan.
3. Sahayda deggan: In la helo khad wax soo saar oo deggan iyo silsilad sahay ayaa bixin karta sahay lagu kalsoonaan karo. Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu tahay iibsadayaasha u baahan tiro badan oo bir ah.
4. Saamaynta summada: Waxay leedahay saameyn summadeed oo sare iyo suuq ballaaran
5. Adeeg: Shirkad bir ah oo weyn oo isku daraysa habaynta, gaadiidka iyo wax soo saarka
6. Qiimaha tartanka: qiimo macquul ah
* U dir emaylka[emailka la ilaaliyo]si aad u hesho qiimeyn mashaariicdaada ah
BOOQO MACMIILKA
Su'aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo
1. Sideen kaaga heli karaa xigasho?
Waad noo dhaafi kartaa farriin, waxaanan ka jawaabi doonnaa farriin kasta waqtigeeda.
2. Ma alaabta ku geyn doontaa waqtigii loogu talagalay?
Haa, waxaan ballan qaadaynaa inaan bixinno alaabada ugu tayada wanaagsan iyo gaarsiinta waqtigii loogu talagalay. Daacadnimadu waa mabda'a shirkaddayada.
3. Ma heli karaa muunado ka hor dalabka?
Haa, dabcan. Badanaa muunadahayagu waa bilaash, waxaan ku soo saari karnaa muunadahaaga ama sawirrada farsamada.
4. Waa maxay shuruudaha lacag bixintaada?
Muddada lacag bixinta ee caadiga ah waa 30% deebaaji, waxaana naga xiga B/L. EXW, FOB, CFR, iyo CIF.
5. Ma aqbashaa kormeerka dhinac saddexaad?
Haa runtii waan aqbalnaa.
6. Sideen ugu kalsoonahay shirkaddaada?
Waxaan ku takhasusnay ganacsiga birta sannado badan annagoo ah alaab-qeybiye dahab ah, xaruntiisuna waxay ku taal gobolka Tianjin, waanu soo dhaweyneynaa inaan si kasta u baarno.
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