Tareenka Birta Caadiga ah ee GB Tareenka Birta ah Qiimaha Warshadda ee Culus Tareenka Birta ah oo Xoog leh oo Waara oo ku habboon Dhismaha iyo wixii la mid ah
Dareen ahaan,alaabta tareenka jumlada ahHorumarku sidoo kale waa taariikhda horumarinta tareenka. Iyadoo aan la helin horumarka tignoolajiyada tareenka, tignoolajiyada tareenka ee culus iyo kuwa xawaaraha sare leh way adag tahay in la horumariyo. Tayada tareenada waxay saameyn muhiim ah ku leedahay badbaadada iyo hufnaanta gaadiidka tareenka.
Kahor kacaankii warshadaha ee Yurub, waddooyinka waxaa laga sameeyay alwaax dhaadheer oo ballaciisu yahay dhowr inji. Waddada alwaaxa hoostiisa, waxaa la dhigi jiray alwaax si toosan ah laba ilaa saddex cagoodba mar iyagoo hurda. Qalabka hurdada waxaa inta badan loo isticmaali jiray in lagu hagaajiyo waddada alwaaxa si ay u ilaaliso ballaca la cayimay. Giraangiraha ka sarreeya ayaa sidoo kale laga sameeyay alwaax. Waqtigaas, birta laguma soo saari karin cabbir weyn, birtuna waxay sidoo kale ahayd walxo aad qaali u ah. Waddada alwaaxa ah way fududahay in la xidho oo la jeexjeexo. Markii dambe, dadku waxay ku dhejiyeen xaashiyo bir ah oo khafiif ah oo dusha sare ah waxayna ku dhejiyeen musmaarro. Waddada, tani kaliya ma dheereynayso cimriga adeegga ee wadada, laakiin waxay sidoo kale yareysaa iska caabinta isku dhaca, taas oo ah tareenka ugu horreeya.
HABKA SOO SAARKA ALAABTA
Habka Tiknoolajiyadda iyo Dhismaha
Geedi socodka dhismahaJidadka Tareenka TareenkaJidadka tareenadu waxay ku lug leeyihiin injineernimo sax ah iyo tixgelin taxaddar leh oo ku saabsan arrimo kala duwan. Waxay ku bilaabataa naqshadeynta qaabka tareenka, iyadoo la tixgelinayo isticmaalka loogu talagalay, xawaaraha tareenka, iyo dhulka. Marka naqshadeynta la dhammeeyo, geeddi-socodka dhismaha wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa tallaabooyinka muhiimka ah ee soo socda:
1. Qodista iyo Aasaaska: Shaqaalaha dhismaha ayaa diyaarinaya dhulka iyagoo qodaya aagga isla markaana abuuraya saldhig adag si loo taageero culeyska iyo cadaadiska ay tareenadu soo rogaan.
2. Ku rakibidda Ballast-ka: Lakab dhagax la jajabiyey, oo loo yaqaan ballast, ayaa la dhigayaa dusha sare ee la diyaariyey. Tani waxay u adeegtaa sidii lakab nuugaya shoogga, oo bixiya xasillooni, iyo ka caawinta in si siman loo qaybiyo culayska.
3. Xargaha iyo Xidhmada: Xidhmooyinka alwaaxa ama sibidhka ah ayaa markaa lagu dhejiyaa dusha sare ee ballast-ka, iyagoo ku dayanaya qaab-dhismeed u eg qaab-dhismeed. Xargahani waxay bixiyaan saldhig ammaan ah oo loogu talagalay waddooyinka tareenka birta ah. Waxaa lagu dhejiyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo biinanka ama biinanka gaarka ah, taasoo hubinaysa inay si adag ugu jiraan meesha.
4. Rakibidda Tareenka: Biraha tareenka birta ah ee 10m, oo badanaa loo yaqaan biraha caadiga ah, ayaa si taxaddar leh loogu dhejiyay xargaha. Iyagoo ka samaysan bir tayo sare leh, waddooyinkani waxay leeyihiin xoog iyo cimri dheer oo cajiib ah.
Nooca iyo xooggaBirta Tareenka Tareenkawaxaa lagu muujiyaa cufka qiyaasta ah (kiiloogaraam) mitirkiiba dhererka. Tusaale ahaan, noocyada tareenada caadiga ah ee hadda jira ee Shiinaha waa 43kg/m, 50kg/m, 60kg/m, 75kg/m, iwm. Dhererka tareenada caadiga ah ee Shiinaha: 43kg/m waa 12.5m ama 25m; dhererka tareenada ka sarreeya 50kg/m waa 25m, 50m, iyo 100m. Tag warshadda alxanka tareenka si aad ugu dhejiso tareen dhererkiisu yahay 500m, ka dibna u qaado goobta dhismaha oo ku dheji dhererka loo baahan yahay.
CABBIRKA ALAABTA
| Magaca Badeecada: | Tareenka Birta Caadiga ah ee GB | |||
| Nooca: | Tareen Culus, Tareenka Crane, Tareen Fudud | |||
| Qalabka/Qeexitaanka: | ||||
| Tareen Fudud: | Moodel/Alaab: | Q235, 55Q ； | Faahfaahinta: | 30kg/m, 24kg/m, 22kg/m, 18kg/m, 15kg/m, 12 kg/m, 8 kg/m. |
| Tareen Culus: | Moodel/Alaab: | 45MN, 71MN; | Faahfaahinta: | 50kg/m², 43kg/m², 38kg/m², 33kg/m². |
| Tareenka Wiishka: | Moodel/Alaab: | U71MN； | Faahfaahinta: | QU70 kg /m ，QU80 kg /m ，QU100kg /m ，QU120 kg /m . |
Tareenka caadiga ah ee qaranka:
Tilmaamaha: GB6kg, 8kg, GB9kg, GB12, GB15kg, 18kg, GB22kg, 24kg, GB30, P38kg, P43kg, P50kg, P60kg, QU70, QU80, QU100, QU120
Heerka: GB11264-89 GB2585-2007 YB/T5055-93
Qalabka: U71Mn/50Mn
Dhererka: 6m-12m 12.5m-25m
| Badeecad | Fasal | Cabbirka Qaybta (mm) | ||||
| Dhererka Tareenka | Ballaca Saldhigga | Ballaca Madaxa | Dhumucda | Miisaanka (kg) | ||
| Tareen Fudud | 8KG/M | 65.00 | 54.00 | 25.00 | 7.00 | 8.42 |
| 12KG/M | 69.85 | 69.85 | 38.10 | 7.54 | 12.2 | |
| 15KG/M | 79.37 | 79.37 | 42.86 | 8.33 | 15.2 | |
| 18KG/M | 90.00 | 80.00 | 40.00 | 10.00 | 18.06 | |
| 22KG/M | 93.66 | 93.66 | 50.80 | 10.72 | 22.3 | |
| 24KG/M | 107.95 | 92.00 | 51.00 | 10.90 | 24.46 | |
| 30KG/M | 107.95 | 107.95 | 60.33 | 12.30 | 30.10 | |
| Tareen Culus | 38KG/M | 134.00 | 114.00 | 68.00 | 13.00 | 38.733 |
| 43KG/M | 140.00 | 114.00 | 70.00 | 14.50 | 44.653 | |
| 50KG/M | 152.00 | 132.00 | 70.00 | 15.50 | 51.514 | |
| 60KG/M | 176.00 | 150.00 | 75.00 | 20.00 | 74.64 | |
| 75KG/M | 192.00 | 150.00 | 75.00 | 20.00 | 74.64 | |
| UIC54 | 159.00 | 140.00 | 70.00 | 16.00 | 54.43 | |
| UIC60 | 172.00 | 150.00 | 74.30 | 16.50 | 60.21 | |
| Tareenka Qaadista | QU70 | 120.00 | 120.00 | 70.00 | 28.00 | 52.80 |
| QU80 | 130.00 | 130.00 | 80.00 | 32.00 | 63.69 | |
| QU100 | 150.00 | 150.00 | 100.00 | 38.00 | 88.96 | |
| QU120 | 170.00 | 170.00 | 120.00 | 44.00 | 118.1 | |
FAA'IIDOOYIN
Marka aad dooranaysoJidka Tareenka Birta ah,waxaad u baahan tahay inaad tixgeliso arrimaha soo socda:
1. Agabka: Agabka birta ku shaqeeya waa qodob muhiim ah oo saameeya waxqabadkiisa iyo cimrigiisa adeegga. Agabka caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waa birta kaarboonka iyo birta daawaha yar.
2. Cabbirka: Cabbirka tareenka waa qodob muhiim ah oo lagu dooranayo tareenka. Jidadka iyo gawaaridu waxay u baahan yihiin cabbirro kala duwan oo tareen ah.
3. Tayada: Tayada tareenada ayaa si toos ah u saamaysa badbaadada hawlgalka iyo cimriga adeegga ee gaadiidka tareenada. Markaad dooranayso tareenada, waa inaad doorataa alaab tayo sare leh oo buuxisa baahiyahaaga.
4. Awoodda qaadida: Marka aad dooranayso biraha, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad tixgeliso in awooddooda qaadistu ay daboolayso baahiyahaaga. Caadiyan, arrimo ay ka mid yihiin miisaanka gaadhiga, xawaaraha iyo xaaladda xariiqda wadista ayaa loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo.
Tareenada caadiga ah ee qaranka waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka soo socda:
1. Xoog sare, adkeysi sare iyo iska caabin wanaagsan oo xirasho, oo awood u leh inuu daboolo baahiyaha hawlgalka muddada dheer ee xoogga badan.
2. Waxay leedahay iska caabin daal oo wanaagsan waxayna u adkeysan kartaa culaysyo soo noqnoqda iyada oo aan u nugul daal la'aan.
3. Iska caabin wanaagsan oo daxalka ah, awood u leh inuu iska caabiyo daxalka ka yimaada walxaha kiimikada kala duwan isla markaana uu cimriga adeegga dheereeyo.
4. Badbaado sare, taas oo hubin karta hawlgalka badbaadada leh ee gaadiidka tareenka iyo yaraynta suurtagalnimada shilalka.
5. Waxay leedahay cimri dheer oo adeeg ah waxayna dabooli kartaa baahiyaha isticmaalka muddada dheer ee gaadiidka tareenka.
MASHRUUC
Shirkaddayada'13,800 oo tan oo bir ah oo loo dhoofiyay Mareykanka ayaa hal mar laga soo raray Dekadda Tianjin. Mashruuca dhismaha ayaa la dhammeeyay iyadoo tareenka ugu dambeeya si joogto ah loogu rakibay khadka tareenka. Tareenadan oo dhami waxay ka yimaadeen khadka wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee warshaddayada tareenka iyo alwaaxa birta, iyagoo adeegsanaya caalami ahaan Produced ilaa heerarka farsamo ee ugu sarreeya uguna adag.
Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan alaabta tareenka, fadlan nala soo xiriir!
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CODSIGA
Tareenka Jidka TareenkaNaqshadeynta qaybta madaxa sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah siyaabaha lagu hagaajin karo adkaanta iyo iska caabbinta xirashada.
Qaybta madaxa tareenka ee tareenka hore, dusha sare ee tareenka waa mid jilicsan, qaansooyinka leh gacan yar ayaa loo isticmaalaa labada dhinac. Ilaa 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii, waxaa la ogaaday in iyadoon loo eegin qaabka madaxa tareenka ee asal ahaan loo qaabeeyey, ka dib markii la xidho taayirada tareenka, qaabka tareenka ee dusha sare ee tareenka uu ahaa ku dhawaad dhammaan wareeg, iyo gacanka qaansada labada dhinacba uu ahaa mid aad u weyn. Jilitaanka tijaabada ah wuxuu ogaaday in diirka madaxa tareenka uu la xiriiro cadaadiska xad-dhaafka ah ee taabashada tareenka-tareenka ee ku yaal qaybta gudaha ee madaxa tareenka. Si loo yareeyo waxyeelada ka dhalata xoqidda tareenka, dhammaan waddamada waxay wax ka beddeleen naqshadda qaansada ee madaxa tareenka si loo yareeyo isbeddelka balaastikada.
Marka hore, waddamadu waxay raaceen mabda' noocaas ah oo ku saabsan naqshadeynta tareenka madaxa tareenka: qaansada tareenka sare waxay la jaanqaadaysaa cabbirka tareenka giraangiraha intii suurtagal ah, taas oo ah, cabbirka qaansada tareenka, sida tareenka 59.9kg/m ee Mareykanka, qaansada madaxa tareenka waxaa la qaataa R254-R31.75-R9.52; qaansada 65kg/m ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, qaansada madaxa tareenka waxay qaadataa R300-R80-R15; qaansada UIC 60kg/m, qaansada madaxa tareenka waxay qaadataa R300-R80-R13. Waxaa laga arki karaa kor ku xusan in astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee naqshadeynta qaybta madaxa tareenka casriga ah ay tahay isticmaalka qaloocyada adag iyo saddex radii. Dhinaca madaxa tareenka, xariiq toosan oo leh dusha sare oo cidhiidhi ah iyo hoose ballaaran ayaa la qaataa, jiirada khadka toosanna guud ahaan waa 1:20~1:40. Xariiq toosan oo leh jiirada weyn ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa daanka hoose ee madaxa tareenka, jiirada guud ahaan waa 1:3 ilaa 1:4.
Marka labaad, aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya madaxa tareenka iyo dhexda tareenka, si loo yareeyo dildilaaca ay sababaan fiirsashada cadaadiska iyo kordhinta iska caabinta is-jiidjiidka ee u dhexeeya saxanka kalluunka iyo tareenka, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa qalooc adag aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya madaxa tareenka iyo dhexda tareenka, waxaana la qaataa naqshad radius weyn oo dhexda ah. Tusaale ahaan, tareenka 60kg/m ee UIC wuxuu isticmaalaa R7-R35-R120 aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya madaxa tareenka iyo dhexda. Tareenka 60kg/m ee Japan wuxuu isticmaalaa R19-R19-R500 aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya madaxa tareenka iyo dhexda.
BAAKADAHA IYO GEYNTA
Aagga kala-guurka ee u dhexeeya dhexda tareenka iyo salka tareenka, si loo gaaro kala-guur siman oo qaybta ah, naqshad qaloocsan ayaa sidoo kale la qaataa, kala-guurka tartiib-tartiibka ahna si habsami leh ayuu ugu xiran yahay jiirada hoose ee tareenka. Sida tareenka UIC60kg/m, waa in la isticmaalaa R120-R35-R7. Tareenka 60kg/m ee Japan wuxuu isticmaalaa R500-R19. Tareenka 60kg/m ee Shiinaha wuxuu isticmaalaa R400-R20. Gaadiidka tareenada xawaaraha sare leh waxay u baahan yihiin caawimaad qalab gaadiid oo xirfad leh iyo kooxo. Guud ahaan, tareenada xawaaraha sare leh waxaa lagu qaadaa tareen. Marxaladaha hore ee dhismaha tareenka xawaaraha sare leh ee gudaha, qaar ka mid ah qalabka muhiimka ah iyo agabka ayaa loo baahnaa in laga soo dejiyo dibadda. Waqtigaas, gaadiidka cirka wuxuu ahaa hab caadi ah oo gaadiid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tareenada xawaaraha sare leh ee si madax-bannaan loo horumariyo oo loo soo saaro waxaa guud ahaan qaada tareenka laftiisa. Tareen kasta oo xawaare sare leh wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 25 mitir wuxuuna culeyskiisu yahay 30 tan. Badanaa wuxuu u baahan yahay laba gaari oo hore iyo gadaal ah si loo dhammaystiro geeddi-socodka gaadiidka oo dhan. Sidaa darteed, ka hor inta aan la qaadin gaadiidka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si taxaddar leh loo qorsheeyo waddada oo la hubiyo in gaadhigu uu buuxinayo shuruudaha gaadiidka si loo hubiyo in wax khasaare ah ama shilal badbaado ah aysan dhicin inta lagu jiro gaadiidka.
AWOODDA SHIRKADDA
Lagu sameeyay Shiinaha, adeeg heer sare ah, tayo casri ah, caan ka ah adduunka
1. Saamaynta miisaanka: Shirkaddayadu waxay leedahay silsilad sahay oo weyn iyo warshad bir ah oo weyn, iyadoo gaadhaysa saameyn baaxad leh oo ku saabsan gaadiidka iyo soo iibsiga, waxayna noqonaysaa shirkad bir ah oo isku daraysa wax soo saarka iyo adeegyada.
2. Kala duwanaanshaha badeecadaha: Kala duwanaanshaha badeecadaha, bir kasta oo aad rabto waxaa naga iibsan kartaa, oo inta badan ku hawlan qaab-dhismeedka birta, biraha birta ah, biraha xaashida birta ah, biraha sawir-qaadista, birta kanaalka, biraha silikoonka iyo alaabada kale, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid dabacsan. Dooro nooca badeecadaha la rabo si aad u buuxiso baahiyaha kala duwan.
3. Sahayda deggan: In la helo khad wax soo saar oo deggan iyo silsilad sahay ayaa bixin karta sahay lagu kalsoonaan karo. Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu tahay iibsadayaasha u baahan tiro badan oo bir ah.
4. Saamaynta summada: Waxay leedahay saameyn summadeed oo sare iyo suuq ballaaran
5. Adeeg: Shirkad bir ah oo weyn oo isku daraysa habaynta, gaadiidka iyo wax soo saarka
6. Qiimaha tartanka: qiimo macquul ah
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BOOQO MACMIILKA
Su'aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo
1. Sideen kaaga heli karaa xigasho?
Waad noo dhaafi kartaa farriin, waxaanan ka jawaabi doonnaa farriin kasta waqtigeeda.
2. Ma alaabta ku geyn doontaa waqtigii loogu talagalay?
Haa, waxaan ballan qaadaynaa inaan bixinno alaabada ugu tayada wanaagsan iyo gaarsiinta waqtigii loogu talagalay. Daacadnimadu waa mabda'a shirkaddayada.
3. Ma heli karaa muunado ka hor dalabka?
Haa, dabcan. Badanaa muunadahayagu waa bilaash, waxaan ku soo saari karnaa muunadahaaga ama sawirrada farsamada.
4. Waa maxay shuruudaha lacag bixintaada?
Muddada lacag bixinta ee caadiga ah waa 30% deebaaji, waxaana naga xiga B/L. EXW, FOB, CFR, iyo CIF.
5. Ma aqbashaa kormeerka dhinac saddexaad?
Haa runtii waan aqbalnaa.
6. Sideen ugu kalsoonahay shirkaddaada?
Waxaan ku takhasusnay ganacsiga birta sannado badan annagoo ah alaab-qeybiye dahab ah, xaruntiisuna waxay ku taal gobolka Tianjin, waanu soo dhaweyneynaa inaan si kasta u baarno.
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